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Uiteindelijk zou de gebroken ketting enkel aan de voet van het Vrijheidsbeeld te zien zijn. Met de rechtervoet licht geheven lijkt het beeld naast de beugel en ketting in beweging te komen, de gebroken ketting, half verborgen onder haar gewaad, is vanaf de grond niet te zien.
Ook de pilleus, een vast attribuut van klassieke voorstellingen van Libertas en later Marianne, zou Bartholdi om dezelfde reden vervangen door een diadeem of kroon. Bartholdi leefde van overheidsopdrachten en vermeed een provocerende beeldtaal.
The raised foot and the broken chain at the feet of the Statue of Liberty
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Statue Of Liberty, holding a tablet in her left hand with the date of the Declaration of Independence in Roman numerals: July 4, 1776
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Statue Of Liberty, holding a torch in her right hand |
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Detail of the head and crown of the Statue of Liberty, New York City. |
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The raised foot of the Statue of Liberty |
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The broken chain at the feet of the Statue of Liberty
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The raised foot of the Statue of Liberty |
In de tekst van het patent of ontwerpoctrooi beschrijft Bartholdi nauwgezet het beeld dat hij voor ogen heeft:
«The statue is that of a female figure standing erect upon a pedestal or block, the body being thrown slightly over to the left, so as to gravitate upon the left leg, the whole figure being thus in equilibrium, and symmetrically arranged with respect to a perpendicular line or axis passing trough the head and left foot. The right leg, with its lower limb thrown back, is bent, resting upon the bent toe, thus giving grace to the general attitude of the figure. The body is clothed in the classical drapery, being a stola, or mantle gathered in upon the left shoulder, and thrown over the skirt or tunic or under-garment, which drops in voluminous folds upon the feet. The right arm is thrown up and stretched out, with a flamboyant torch grasped in the hand. The flame of the torch is thus held high up above the figure. The arm is nude; the drapery of the sleeve is dropping down upon the shoulder in voluminous folds. In the left arm, which is falling against the body, is held a tablet, upon which is inscribed "4th July, 1776." This tablet is made to rest against the side of the body, above the hip, and so as to occupy an inclined position with relation thereto exhibiting the inscription. The left hand clasps the tablet so as to bring the four fingers onto the face thereof. The head with its classical, yet severe and calm features, is surmounted by a crown or diadem, from which radiate divergingly seven rays, tapering from the crown, and representing a halo. The feet are bare and sandal-strapped.' (...) » [7]
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De skyline van Manhattan gezien vanaf het Vrijheidsbeeld op Liberty Island [8]
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Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi | Het Vrijheidbeeld of la Liberté éclairant le monde, de bewogen geschiedenis van een onbewogen vrouw [1]
Frédéric Auguste Bartholdi | Een kleine geschiedenis [2] Het verhaal van een verbeelding. Achtergrond en inspiratiebronnen van la Liberté éclairant le monde
Pio Fedi, Statua della Libertà della Poesia, tomba Giovanni Battista Niccolini, Santa Croce, Firenze
Album Statue of Liberty
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Bartholdi, Frédéric (1885). The Statue of Liberty Enlightening the World. North American Review. North American Review.
Dave Eggers, The Statue of Liberty was built to welcome immigrants – that welcome must not end
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Anonyme, Le piédestal de la statue de la Liberté en construction à New-York, 1884, épreuve positive sur papier albuminé, Musée des arts et métiers, Fonds Bartholdi
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Albert Fernique, Photograph of a drawing of the Statue of Liberty in Upper New York Bay, 1883 |
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An aviator's photograph of the Statue of Liberty and Bedloe's Island, Harbor of New York |
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Aerial photograph of New York Harbor, view on the Statue of Libert, Ellis Island and Manhattan
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Freedom is not a settled thing … the Statue of Liberty
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Statue of Liberty (detail of the head), Libery Island, Upper New York Bay, New York |
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[0] Deze afbeelding is in het publiek domein. [1] Het dagboek bestrijkt de periode 1871-05-27 - 1871-10-24. Het dagboek is digitaal beschikbaar op The New York Public Library, digitalcollections.nypl.org [2] Meyer, Elizabeth A. (2004). Legitimacy and law in the Roman world: tabulae in Roman belief and practice. Cambridge University Press. p. 28. [3] Photo by David.Clay, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license. [4]
Creating the Statue of Liberty - Statue Of Liberty National Monument (U.S. National Park Service) | www.nps.gov [5] Piaton, Claudine (2014). "Les phares d'Égypte : laboratoire et conservatoire de l'ingénierie européenne du xixe siècle" [Lighthouses of Egypt: examples of experimentation and preservation of twentieth century European engineering]. ABE Journal - Architecture Beyond Europe (in French). InVisu (5). Retrieved 9 January 2021 – via OpenEdition Journals. [6] Deze afbeelding is in het publiek domein.
[7] Bron: C. F. WILLIAM MAURER, Design for a Statue - Statue of Liberty - NPS | www.academia.edu
"What I claim as my invention is –
The herein-described design of a statue representing Liberty enlightening the world, the same consisting, essentially, of the draped female figure, with one aim upraised, bearing a torch, while the other holds an inscribed tablet, and having upon the head a diadem substantially as set forth."
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Het patent of ontwerpoctrooi van Bartholdi voor het Vrijheidsbeeld, uitgegeven in 1879 |
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