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San Cristoforo is a Roman Catholic church located on Piazza Tolomei in the Northern Terzo di Camollia and contrada of Civetta in the city of Siena, region of Tuscany, Italy. Across the piazza from the church is the Palazzo Tolomei, one of the oldest buildings in the city. The Tolomei for many years were associated with the church.[3]
History
The original Romanesque style church with a Latin Cross layout was initially constructed in the 11th to 12th-century. Traces of Romanesque columns remain in the adjacent small cloister.
During the 13th century, the cloister would host the council of the nascent Republic of Siena. It is claimed that at this site in 1260, a meeting took place between the Council of 24 and Florentine ambassadors. The latters demanded that Siena breach its walls, and allow Florentine fortresses in each Terzo. These heavy demands forced the former to decide that war with Florence was inevitable, and they dismissed the ambassadors, and prepared for war. They acknowledged the need to hire German mercenaries from Count Giordano d'Anglano, vicar of King Manfred, but lacked the funds. Upon hearing this, Salimbene Salimbeni, banker and founder of an early branch of the future Monte dei Paschi, merely walked to his nearby home, and returned to this cloister with the wheelbarrow full of 118,000 florins. The mercenaries proved essential to the Sienese victory at the Battle of Montaperti.[4]
Also at this church, it is said that in 1376, Saint Catherine of Siena was able to force a reconciliation of a bitter feud between the Maconi and Tolomei/Rimaldini families. With the feuding parties present, she entered into a trance like extasis while in prayer at an altar.
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Campanile della Chiesa di San Cristoforo, Siena [5]
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The church underwent a number of modifications, most prominently after the earthquake of 1798. In 1800, a brick Neoclassical temple facade was added with four columns and tympanum, designed by Tommaso and Francesco Paccagnini. The niches flanking the entrance hold statues (1802) of Saint Bernardo Tolomei and the Blessed Nera Tolomei, works by Giuseppe Silini.
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Giuseppe Silini-San Cristoforo, Blessed Nera Tolomei, Chiesa di San Cristoforo, Siena |
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Giuseppe Silini-San Cristoforo, Saint Bernardo Tolomei, Chiesa di San Cristoforo, Siena |
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Sano di Pietro, San Giorgio, pala di san cristoforo, 1444 ca., from San Cristoforo church, Museo Diocesana, Siena
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The church has a Madonna and child with St Luke and Romuald (circa 1508) by Girolamo del Pacchia, a fresco of the Pietà and the instruments of the Passion by Martino di Bartolomeo, and a marble sculptural group depicting the Glory of St Christopher (1693) by Giovanni Antonio Mazzuoli.
Much of the artistic heritage of the church of San Cristoforo is now preserved in the Diocesan Museum of Sacred Art (Oratorio di San Bernardino): a Madonna and Child from the 15th century Della Robbia school, the San Giorgio and the dragon and the San Cristoforo, both works attributed to Sano di Pietro, and the tondo with the Madonna and Child by the Maestro di Ovile.
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Cupola, Chiesa di San Cristoforo, Siena[2]
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Basilica di San Francesco, Siena |
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Palazzo Tolomei, Via Banchi di Sopra, Siena
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Piazza Salimbeni
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Urban trekking in Siena | Piazza del Campo - Basilica di San Francesco - Fortezza Medicea | 2,9 km
Piazza del Campo - Banchi di Sopra - Palazzo Tolome - Chiesa di san Cristoforo -Via del Moro
- Piazza Provenanzo Salvani -Chiesa di San Francesco -Via dei Rossi - La Dama Ignuda - Palazzo Salimbeni - Via dei Montagnini -Piazza Giacomo Matteotti - La Lizza - Fortezza Medicea
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San Francesco en La Fortezza (2,9 km)
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Case vacanza in Toscana | Podere Santa Pia
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Podere Santa Pia, an enchanting holiday home in the heart of southern Maremma, with a suggestive view towards Monte Amiata, the islands Montecristo and Corsica immersed in the intense blue of the Tyrrhenian Sea.
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Bibliografia
Toscana. Guida d'Italia (Guida rossa), Touring Club Italiano, Milano 2003.
Max Grossman, «A Case of Double Identity: the Public and Private Faces of the Palazzo Tolomei in Siena», Journal of the Society of Architectural Historians, 72, no 1, March 2013, pp. 48-77.
Giulio Prunai, Guido Pampaloni et Nello Bemporad, Il Palazzo Tolomei a Siena, Florence, Cassa di Risparmio di Firenze, 1971.
[1] Photo by Jordiferrer, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Share Alike 4.0 International license.
[2] Photo by Sailko, licensed under the Creative Commons Attribution 3.0 Unportedlicense.
[3] A Medieval Italian Commune: Siena Under the Nine, 1287-1355, by William M. Bowsky, page 276.
[4] City and Spectacle in Medieval Europe, edited by Barbara Hanawalt, Kathryn Reyerson, page 99-102.
[5] Photo by Il Tesoro di Siena, published under a Attribution-NonCommercial-NoDerivs 2.0 Generic (CC BY-NC-ND 2.0) license.
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° This article incorporates material from the Wikipedia article San Cristoforo, Siena published under the GNU Free Documentation License.
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